门捷列夫的名言到底有多少，就要门捷列夫的名言

1. 门捷列夫的名言到底有多少，就要门捷列夫的名言

1.科学的种子，是为了人民的收获而生长的。  
 2.一个人要发现卓有成效的真理，需要千百万个人在失败的探索和悲惨的错误中毁掉自己的生命.
3.没有加倍的勤奋，就既没有才能，也没有天才。  
 4.科学不但能“给青年人以知识，给老年人以快乐”，还能使人惯于劳动和追求真理，能为人民创造真正的精神财5.富和物质财富，能创造出没有它就不能获得的东西。
6.没有经过实践检验的理论，不管它多么漂亮，都会失去分量，不会为人所承认；没有以有分量的理论作基础的实践一定会遭到失败 .
7.科学不但能“给青年人以知识，给老年人以快乐”，还能使人惯于劳动和追求真理，能为人民创造真正的精神财富和物质财富，能创造出没有它就不能获得的东西。  
8.没有加倍的勤奋，就既没有才能，也没有天才！ 
 9.天才就是这样，终身劳动，便成天才！  
10.一个人要发现卓有成效的真理，需要千百万个人在失败的探索和悲惨的错误中毁掉自己的生命。

2. 门捷列夫简介

德米特里·伊万诺维奇·门捷列夫是19世纪俄国科学家，发现化学元素的周期性，依照原子量，制作出世界上第一张元素周期表，并据以预见了一些尚未发现的元素。
门捷列夫于1834年生于俄国西伯利亚的托博尔斯克市，这个时代，正是欧洲资本主义迅速发展时期，科学技术的发明、改良一日千里，化学也同其它科学一样，取得了惊人的进展。他的祖父是特维尔地区东正教主教，父亲毕业于特维尔的神学院，后担任学校校长。
13岁时，门捷列夫的父亲去世，母亲的工厂又被一场大火毁于一旦，家境一落千丈，但门捷列夫考入了托博尔斯克文科中学，也算是家里的安慰。1849年，门捷列夫的母亲变卖家产，带着孩子四处求学，先后到过莫斯科、柏林和巴黎，最后在圣彼得堡高等师范学校为门捷列夫找到一个入读机会，1850年，门捷列夫就读物理数学系。
同年9月，门捷列夫的母亲病逝，门捷列夫决心发愤读书，1855年以优异的成绩毕业，但由于被诊断出有肺结核，不得不到黑海边上的克里米亚半岛休养。在此期间，门捷列夫读完了硕士，并于两年后回到圣彼得堡。期间先后到过辛菲罗波尔、敖德萨担任中学教师。1857年他被圣彼得堡大学破格任命为化学讲师。
1869年，门捷列夫发现了元素周期律，并就此发表了世界上第一份元素周期表，按原子量的大小顺序排的同时，将原子价相似的元素上下排成纵列，并据此预见了12种尚未被发现的元素。1868年至1870年，他写成《化学原理》一书，最先用周期规律的观点系统地阐明了无机化学的基本原理。



扩展资料
有许多的地名或事物的名称和门捷列夫的名字有关。
圣彼得堡负责全国性及国际性精密量测的国家计量研究所，是以门捷列夫的名字命名，在旁边有门捷列夫的纪念馆，其中有照片，门捷列夫坐着的雕像，以上面绘有门捷列夫周期表的墙。
Twelve Collegia建筑物在门捷列夫的时代是师范学院，现在是圣彼得堡国立大学的中心，有一个门捷列夫纪念博物馆，前面的街也因此命名为门捷列夫街。
在莫斯科有大学被命名为门捷列夫化工大学。
原子序101号的合成化学元素，也依门捷列夫的名称命名，其英文名称为mendelevium，缩写是Md（曾经用Mv），中文名称为钔，是一个金属性的锕系超铀元素，一般是由α粒子撞击锿原子来制备。
参考资料来源：百度百科-门捷列夫

3. 门捷列夫的发现

现代的化学元素周期律是19世纪俄国人门捷列夫发现的。他将当时已知的63种元素以表的形式排列，把有相似化学性质的元素放在同一直行，这就是元素周期表的雏形。 
门捷列夫通过顽强努力的探索，于1869年2月先后发表了关于元素周期律的图表和论文。在论文中，他指出： 

（1）按照原子量大小排列起来的元素，在性质上呈现明显的周期性。 

（2）原子量的大小决定元素的特征。 

（3）应该预料到许多未知元素的发现，例如类似铝和硅的，原子量位于65一75之间的元素。 

（4）当我们知道了某些元素的同类元素后，有时可以修正该元素的原子量。这就是门捷列夫提出的周期律的最初内容。 

门捷列夫深信自己的工作很重要，经过继续努力，1871年他发表了关于周期律的新的论文。文中他果断地修正了1869年发表的元素周期表。例如在前一表中，性质类似的各族是横排，周期是竖排；而在新表中，族是竖排，周期是横排，这样各族元素化学性质的周期性变化就更为清晰。同时他将那些当时性质尚不够明确的元素集中在表格的右边，形成了各族元素的副族。在前表中，为尚未发现的元素留下4个空格，而新表中则留下了6个空格。由此可见，门捷列夫的研究有了重要的进展。 

经受实践的验证 
实践是检验真理的唯一标准。门捷列夫发现的元素周期律是否能站住脚，必须看它能否解决化学中的一些实际问题。门捷列夫以他的周期律为依据，大胆指出某些元素公认的原子量是不准确的，应重新测定，例如当时公认金的原子量为169.2，因此，在周期表中，金应排在饿。铱、铂（当时认为它们的原子量分别是198．6， 196．7， 196．7）的前面。而门捷列夫认为金在周期表中应排在这些元素的后面，所以它们的原子量应重新测定。重新测定的结果是：饿为190.9，铱为193.1，铂为195,2，金为197．2。实验证明了门捷列夫的意见是对的。又例如，当时铀公认的原子量是116，是三价元素。门捷列夫则根据铀的氧化物与铬、铂、钨的氧化物性质相似，认为它们应属于一族，因此铀应为六价，原子量约为240。经测定，铀的原子量为238.07。再次证明门捷列夫的判断正确。基于同样的道理，门捷列夫还修正了铟、镧、钇、铒、铈、的原子量。事实验证了周期律的正确性。 

根据元素周期律，门捷列夫还预言了一些当时尚未发现的元素的存在和它们的性质。他的预言与尔后实践的结果取得了惊人的一致。1875年法国化学家布瓦博德朗在分析比里牛斯山的闪锌矿时发现一种新元素，他命名为镓，并把测得的关于它的主要性质公布了。不久他收到了门捷列夫的来信，门捷列夫在信中指出关 
于镓的比重不应该是4．7，而是5．9一6.0。当时布瓦傅德朗很疑惑，他是唯一手里掌握金属镓的人，门捷列夫是怎样知道它的比重的呢？经过重新测定，镓的比重确实为5，9“这给果使他大为惊奇。他认真地阅读了门捷列夫的周期律论文后，感慨他说：“我没有可说的了，事实证明门捷列夫这一理论的巨大意义。” 
下表是个最有力的说明。 

类铝 镓 
原子量 69 69.72 
比重 5.9-6.0 5.94 
熔点 低 30.1 
和氧气反应 不受空气的侵蚀 灼热时略起氧化 
灼热时能分解水汽 灼热时确能分解水汽 
能生成类似明矾的矾类 能生成结晶较好的镓矾 
可用分光镜发现其存在 用分光镜发现的 

嫁的发现是化学史上第一个事先预言的新元素的发现，它雄辩地证明了门捷列夫元素周期律的科学性。1880年瑞典的尼尔森发现了钪，1885年德国的文克勒发现了锗。这两种新元素与门捷列夫预言的类硼。类硅也完全吻合。门捷列夫的元素周期律再次经受了实践的检验。 

事实证明门捷列夫发现的化学元素周期律是自然界的一条客观规律。它揭示了物质世界的一个秘密，即这些似乎互不相关的元素间存在相互依存的关系，它变成了一个完整的自然体系。从此新元素的寻找，新物质、新材料的探索有了一条可遵循的规律。元素周期律作为描述元素及其性质的基本理论有力地促进了现代化学和物理学的发展。 



现代的是根据质子数排的，大体相同，但是由于中子的影响，原子量大的质子数不一定多，所以现在的更科学些！ 
还有个不同就是后来人们发现了更多的元素，也加了进去，而门捷列夫的元素周期表没有！

4. 1869年,门捷列夫发现了什么和什么?

1869年，门捷列夫发现了元素周期律和元素周期表

5. 门捷列夫论文..

错误的地方：1应该为“按照相对核电荷数由小到大依次排列起来的元素,在性质上呈现明显的周期性”，下面的“相对原子质量”也都改为“核电荷数”。
2论证：相对原子质量相近的：镧系元素；依次递增相同的数量，大概就是不同周期同族元素吧，那就多了。。

6. 谁是门捷列夫？？？

德米特里·伊万诺维奇·门捷列夫生于一八三四年二月七日俄国西伯利亚的托波尔斯克市。这个时代，正是欧洲资本主义迅速发展时期。生产的飞速发展，不断地对科学技术提出新的要求。化学也同其它科学一样，取得了惊人的进展。门捷列夫正是在这样一个时代，诞生到人间。门捷列夫从小就热爱劳动，热爱学习。他认为只有劳动，才能使人们得到快乐、美满的生活；只有学习，才能使人变得聪明。
    门捷列夫在学校读书的时候，一位很有名的化学教师，经常给他们讲课。热情地向他们介绍当时由英国科学家道尔顿始创的新原子论。由于道尔顿新原于学说的问世，促进了化学的发展速度，一个一个的新元素被发现了。化学这一门科学正激动着人们的心。这位教师的讲授，使门捷列夫的思想更加开阔了，决心为化学这门科学献出一生。 
    门捷列夫在大学学习期间，表现出了坚韧、忘我的超人精神。疾病折磨着门捷列夫，由于丧失了无数血液，他一天一天的消瘦和苍白了。可是，在他贫血的手里总是握着一本化学教科书。那里面当时有很多没有弄明白的问题，缠绕着他的头脑，似乎在召呼他快去探索。他在用生命的代价，在科学的道路上攀登着。他说，我这样做“不是为了自己的光荣，而是为了俄国名字的光荣。”——过了一段时间以后，门捷列夫并没有死去，反而一天天好起来了。最后，才知道是医生诊断的错误，而他得的不过是气管出血症罢了。 
    由于门捷列夫学习刻苦和在学习期间进行了一些创造性的研究工作，一八五五年，他以优异成绩从学院毕业。毕业后，他先后到过辛菲罗波尔、敖德萨担任中学教师。这期间，他一边教书，一边在极其简陋的条件下进行研究，写出了《论比容》的论文。文中指出了根据比容进行化合物的自然分组的途径。一八五七年一月，他被批准为彼得堡大学化学教研室副教授，当时年仅二十三岁。 
    攀登科学高峰的路，是一条艰苦而又曲折的路。门捷列夫在这条路上，也是吃尽了苦头。当他担任化学副教授以后，负责讲授《化学基础》课。在理论化学里应该指出自然界到底有多少元素？元素之间有什么异同和存在什么内部联系？新的元素应该怎样去发现？这些问题，当时的化学界正处在探索阶段。近五十多年来，各国的化学家们，为了打开这秘密的大门，进行了顽强的努力。虽然有些化学家如德贝莱纳和纽兰兹在一定深度和不同角度客观地叙述了元素间的某些联系，但由于他们没有把所有元素作为整体来概括，所以没有找到元素的正确分类原则。年轻的学者门捷列夫也毫无畏惧地冲进了这个领域，开始了艰难的探索工作。
    他不分昼夜地研究着，探求元素的化学特性和它们的一般的原子特性，然后将每个元素记在一张小纸卡上。他企图在元素全部的复杂的特性里，捕捉元素的共同性。一但他的研究，一次又一次地失败了。可他不屈服，不灰心，坚持干下去。
    为了彻底解决这个问题，他又走出实验室，开始出外考察和整理收集资料。一八五九年，他去德国海德尔堡进行科学深造。两年中，他集中精力研究了物理化学，使他探索元素间内在联系的基础更扎实了。 一八六二年，他对巴库油田进行了考察，对液体进行了深入研究，重测了一些元素的原子量，使他对元素的特性有了深刻的了解。一八六七年，他借应邀参加在法国举行的世界工业展览俄罗斯陈列馆工作的机会，参观和考察了法国、德国、比利时的许多化工厂、实验室，大开眼界，丰富了知识。这些实践活动，不仅增长了他认识自然的才干，而且对他发现元素周期律，奠定了雄厚的基础。   
    门捷列夫又返回实验室，继续研究他的纸卡。他把重新测定过的原子量的元素，按照原子量的大小依次排列起来。他发现性质相似的元素，它们的原子量并不相近；相反，有些性质不同的元素，它们的原子量反而相近。他紧紧抓住元素的原子量与性质之间的相互关系，不停地研究着。他的脑子因过度紧张，而经常昏眩。但是，他的心血并没有白费，在一八六九年二月十九日，他终于发现了原素周期律。他的周期律说明：简单物体的性质，以及元素化合物的形式和性质，都和元素原子量的大小有周期性的依赖关系。门捷列夫在排列元素表的过程中，又大胆指出，当时一些公认的原子量不准确。如那时金的原子量公认为169.2，按此在元素表中，金应排在锇、铱、铂的前面，因为它们被公认的原子量分别为198.6、6.7、196.7，而门捷列夫坚定地认为金应排列在这三种元素的后面，原子量都应重新测定。大家重测的结果，锇为190.9、铱为193.1、铂为195.2，而金是197.2。实践证实了门捷列夫的论断，也证明了周期律的正确性。     
    在门捷列夫编制的周期表中，还留有很多空格，这些空格应由尚未发现的元素来填满。门捷列夫从理论上计算出这些尚未发现的元素的最重要性质，断定它们介于邻近元素的性质之间。例如，在锌与砷之间的两个空格中，他预言这两个未知元素的性质分别为类铝和类硅。就在他预言后的四年，法国化学家布阿勃朗用光谱分析法，从门锌矿中发现了镓。实验证明，镓的性质非常象铝，也就是门捷列夫预言的类铝。镓的发现，具有重大的意义，它充分说明元素周期律是自然界的一条客观规律；为以后元素的研究，新元素的探索，新物资、新材料的寻找，提供了一个可遵循的规律。元素周期律象重炮一样，在世界上空轰响了！
    门捷列夫发现了元素周期律，在世界上留下了不朽的光荣，人们给他以很高的评价。恩格斯在《自然辩证法》一书中曾经指出。“门捷列夫不自觉地应用黑格尔的量转化为质的规律，完成了科学上的一个勋业，这个勋业可以和勒维烈计算尚未知道的行星海王星的轨道的勋业居于同等地位。”   
    由于时代的局限性，门捷列夫的元素周期律并不是完整无缺的。一八九四年，惰性气体氛的发现，对周期律是一次考验和补充。一九一三年，英国物理学家莫塞莱在研究各种元素的伦琴射线波长与原子序数的关系后，证实原子序数在数量上等于原子核所带的阳电荷，进而明确作为周期律的基础不是原子量而是原子序数。在周期律指导下产生的原于结构学说，不仅赋予元素周期律以新的说明，并且进一步阐明了周期律的本质，把周期律这一自然法则放在更严格更科学的基础上。元素周期律经过后人的不断完善和发展，在人们认识自然，改造自然，征服自然的斗争中，发挥着越来越大的作用。    
    门捷列夫除了完成周期律这个勋业外，还研究过气体定律、气象学、石油工业、农业化学、无烟火药、度量衡等。由于他总是日以继夜地顽强地劳动着，在他研究过的这些领域中，都在不同程度上取得了成就。   
    一九0七年二月二日，这位享有世界盛誉的科学家，因心肌梗塞与世长辞了。但他给世界留下的宝贵财产，永远存留在人类的史册上。

7. 门捷列夫的全英文简介

Dmitri Mendeleev
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Dimitri Mendeleev (Russian: Дми́трий Ива́нович Менделе́ев, Dimitriy Ivanovich Mendeleyev listen (help·info)) (8 February [O.S. 27 January] 1834 in Tobolsk – 2 February [O.S. ] 1907 in Saint Petersburg), was a Russian chemist and inventor. He is credited as being the creator of the first version of the periodic table of elements. Unlike other contributors to the table, Mendeleev predicted the properties of elements yet to be discovered.

Life

Dmitri Mendeleev was born in Tobolsk, Siberia, Russia on February 8, 1834,[1] to Ivan Pavlovich Mendeleev and Maria Dmitrievna Mendeleeva (born Kornilieva). His grandfather was Pavel Maximovich Sokolov, a Russian priest. Ivan, along with his brothers, obtained new family names while attending Tver theological seminary.[2]

Mendeleev was the youngest child of 17 siblings.[1] At the age of 13,[citation needed] after the passing of his father and the destruction of his mother's factory by fire, Mendeleev attended the Gymnasium in Tobolsk.

In 1849, the now poor Mendeleev family relocated to St. Petersburg, where he entered the Main Pedagogical Institute in 1850. After he graduated, an illness that was diagnosed as tuberculosis caused him to move to the Crimean Peninsula on the northern coast of the Black Sea in 1855. While there he became chief science master of the Simferopol gymnasium №1. He returned with fully restored health to St. Petersburg in 1857.

Between 1859 and 1861, he worked on the capillarity of liquids and the workings of the spectroscope in Heidelberg. In late August of 1861 he wrote his first book on the spectroscope in which it received high acclaim. In 1862, he married Feozva Nikitichna Leshcheva. Mendeleev became Professor of Chemistry at the Saint Petersburg Technological Institute and the University of St. Petersburg in 1863 he achieved tenure in 1867, and by 1871 had transformed St. Petersburg into an internationally recognized center for chemistry research. In 1865 he became Doctor of Science for his dissertation "On the Combinations of Water with Alcohol". In 1876, he became obsessed with Anna Ivanova Popova and began courting her; in 1881 he proposed to her and threatened suicide if she refused. His divorce from Leshcheva was finalized one month after he had married Popova in early 1882. Even after the divorce, Mendeleev was technically a bigamist; the Russian Orthodox Church required at least 7 years before lawful re-marriage. His divorce and the surrounding controversy contributed to his failure to be admitted to the Russian Academy of Sciences (despite his international fame by that time). His daughter from his second marriage, Lyubov, became the wife of the famous Russian poet Alexander Blok. His other children were son Vladimir (a sailor, he took part in the notable Eastern journey of Nicholas II) and daughter Olga, from his first marriage to Feozva, and son Ivan and a pair of twins from Anna.

Though Mendeleev was widely honored by scientific organizations all over Europe, including the Copley Medal from the Royal Society of London, he resigned from St. Petersburg University on August 17, 1890.

In 1893, he was appointed Director of the Bureau of Weights and Measures. It was in this role that he was directed to formulate new state standards for the production of vodka. His fascination with molecular weights led him to conclude that to be in perfect molecular balance, vodka should be produced in the ratio of one molecule of ethyl alcohol diluted with five molecules of water, giving a dilution by volume of approximately 38% alcohol to 62% water. As a result of his work, in 1894 new standards for vodka were introduced into Russian law and all vodka had to be produced at 40% alcohol by volume.

Mendeleev also investigated the composition of oil fields, and helped to found the first oil refinery in Russia.

Mendeleev died in 1907 in St. Petersburg, Russia from influenza. The Mendeleev crater on the Moon, as well as element number 101, the radioactive mendelevium, are named after him.

Periodic table
One form of Mendeleev's periodic table, from the 1st English edition of his textbook (1891, based on the Russian 5th edition)
One form of Mendeleev's periodic table, from the 1st English edition of his textbook (1891, based on the Russian 5th edition)
Sculpture in honor of Mendeleev and the periodic table, located in Bratislava, Slovakia
Sculpture in honor of Mendeleev and the periodic table, located in Bratislava, Slovakia

After becoming a teacher, he wrote the definitive two-volume textbook at that time: Principles of Chemistry (1868-1870). As he attempted to classify the elements according to their chemical properties, he noticed patterns that led him to create his Periodic Table.

Unknown to Mendeleev, several other scientists had also been working on their own tables of elements. One was John Newlands, who published his Law of Octaves in 1865. However, the lack of spaces for undiscovered elements and the placing of two elements in one box were criticised and his ideas were not accepted. Another was Lothar Meyer, who published a work in 1864, describing 28 elements. Like Newlands, Meyer did not seem to have the idea of using a table to predict new elements. In contrast to Newlands' methodical approach to creating a table, Mendeleev's was almost accidental and emerged gradually.

As a better understanding of atomic mass was developed and better data became available, Mendeleev made for himself the following table:
Cl 35.5  K 39  Ca 40
Br 80  Rb 85  Sr 88
I 127  Cs 133  Ba 137

By adding additional elements following this pattern, he developed his version of the periodic table.

On March 6, 1869, Mendeleev made a formal presentation to the Russian Chemical Society, entitled The Dependence between the Properties of the Atomic Weights of the Elements, which described elements according to both weight and valence. This presentation stated that

   1. The elements, if arranged according to their atomic mass, exhibit an apparent periodicity of properties.
   2. Elements which are similar as regards to their chemical properties have atomic weights which are either of nearly the same value (e.g., Pt, Ir, Os) or which increase regularly (e.g., K, Rb, Cs).
   3. The arrangement of the elements in groups of elements in the order of their atomic weights corresponds to their so-called valencies, as well as, to some extent, to their distinctive chemical properties; as is apparent among other series in that of Li, Be, B, C, N, O, and F.
   4. The elements which are the most widely diffused have small atomic weights.
   5. The magnitude of the atomic weight determines the character of the element, just as the magnitude of the molecule determines the character of a compound body.
   6. We must expect the discovery of many yet unknown elements–for example, two elements, analogous to aluminium and silicon, whose atomic weights would be between 65 and 75.
   7. The atomic weight of an element may sometimes be amended by a knowledge of those of its contiguous elements. Thus the atomic weight of tellurium must lie between 123 and 126, and cannot be 128. Here Mendeleev was wrong as the atomic mass of tellurium (127.6) remains higher than that of iodine (126.9).
   8. Certain characteristic properties of elements can be foretold from their atomic weights.

Only a few months after Mendeleev published his periodic table of all known elements (and predicted several new elements to complete the table), Meyer published a virtually identical table. Some people consider Meyer and Mendeleev the co-creators of the periodic table, although most agree that Mendeleev's accurate prediction of the qualities of what he called ekasilicon (germanium), ekaaluminium (gallium) and ekaboron (scandium) qualifies him for deserving the majority of the credit for studies.

As others before him had done, he questioned the accuracy of accepted atomic weights, pointing out that they did not correspond to those predicted by the Periodic Law. He noted that tellurium has a higher atomic weight than iodine, but he placed them in the correct order, assuming that the accepted atomic weights at the time were incorrect. He was puzzled about where to put the known lanthanides, and predicted the existence of another row to the table, the actinides, which were some of the heaviest in atomic mass.

Initially, Mendeleev was derided for there being gaps in the table. Ultimately though, he was vindicated when previously unknown elements (notably scandium, gallium and germanium) were discovered that filled in these holes and possessed properties (atomic weight, density, melting point, etc.) close to what Mendeleev predicted.[3]

Henry Moseley would later help put the periodic table on the correct basis of atom number rather than atomic weight.

Other achievements

Mendeleev made other important contributions to chemistry. The Russian chemist and science historian L.A. Tchugayev has characterized him as "a chemist of genius, first-class physicist, a fruitful researcher in the fields of hydrodynamics, meteorology, geology, certain branches of chemical technology (explosives, petroleum, and fuels, for example) and other disciplines adjacent to chemistry and physics, a thorough expert of chemical industry and industry in general, and an original thinker in the field of economy." Mendeleev was one of the founders, in 1869, of the Russian Chemical Society. He worked on the theory and practice of protectionist trade and on agriculture.

In an attempt at a chemical conception of the Aether, he put forward a hypothesis that there existed two inert chemical elements of lesser atomic weight than hydrogen. Of these two proposed elements, he thought the lighter to be an all-penetrating, all-pervasive gas, and the slightly heavier one to be a proposed element, coronium.

Mendeleev devoted much study and made important contributions to the determination of the nature of such indefinite compounds as solutions.
Mendeleev Medal
Mendeleev Medal

In another department of physical chemistry, he investigated the expansion of liquids with heat, and devised a formula similar to Gay-Lussac's law of the uniformity of the expansion of gases, while as far back as 1861 he anticipated Thomas Andrews' conception of the critical temperature of gases by defining the absolute boiling-point of a substance as the temperature at which cohesion and heat of vaporization become equal to zero and the liquid changes to vapor, irrespective of the pressure and volume.

Mendeleev is given credit for the introduction of the metric system to the Russian Empire.

He invented pyrocollodion, a kind of smokeless powder based on nitrocellulose. This work had been commissioned by the Russian Navy, which however did not adopt its use. In 1892 Mendeleev organized its manufacture.

Mendeleev studied petroleum origin and concluded that hydrocarbons are abiogenic and form deep within the earth. He wrote: "The capital fact to note is that petroleum was born in the depths of the earth, and it is only there that we must seek its origin." (Dmitri Mendeleev, 1877)[4]

8. 门捷列夫规律

元素周期律 

元素的物理、化学性质随原子序数逐渐变化的规律叫做元素周期律。元素周期律由门捷列夫首先发现，并根据此规律创制了元素周期表。
结合元素周期表，元素周期律可以表述为：
随着原子序数的增加，元素的性质呈周期性的递变规律： 在同一周期中，元素的金属性从左到右递减，非金属性从左到右递增， 在同一族中，元素的金属性从上到下递增，非金属性从上到下递减； 同一周期中，元素的最高正氧化数从左到右递增（没有正价的除外），最低负氧化数从左到右逐渐增高； 同一族的元素性质相近。 同一周期中，原子半径随着原子序数的增加而减小。 同一族中，原子半径随着原子序数的增加而增大。 如果粒子的电子构型相同，则负离子的半径比阳离子大，且半径随着电荷数的增加而减小。（如O>F>Na>Mg）